CBC

GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) is a set of IP-based communication protocols used to carry GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) in GSM, UMTS and LTE networks. It enables an endpoint on a GSM or UMTS network to move its position within the network, while being continuously connected to the Internet via the same GGSN. In order to achieve this, the GTP protocol always transmits user-plane data from the SGSN to which the user's location belongs to the GGSN on which it is based.

The GPRS core network uses these three GTP protocols:
▫  GTP-U is used to provide one or more tunnels for each PDP context to transmit user data
▫  GTP-C is used for control purposes
▫  GTP is used to transfer billing data from each GGSN to the Charging Gateway Function (CGF)

A Diameter Routing Agent (DRA) is a functional element in a 3G or 4G (such as LTE) network which provides real-time routing capabilities to ensure that messages are routed among the correct elements in a network. The DRA was introduced by the 3GPP to address the increased Diameter signaling traffic and growing complexity of 4G LTE networks.

Networks with complex architectures and multiple Diameter nodes require an advanced Diameter contextual routing engine. Choosing a DRA that' s capable of advanced contextual routing is essential to managing network complexity and capitalizing on all that 4G LTE has to offer.

A Signal Transfer Point(STP) is used in an SS7 or CC7 network. The STPs transfer SS7 messages between interconnected nodes (signaling endpoints) based on information contained in the SS7 address fields. Typical SEPs include service switching points (SSPs) and service control points (SCPs). The STP is connected to adjacent SEPs and STPs via signaling links.

STP supports any-to-any signaling connectivity between SS7 via IP SIGTRAN interfaces for maximum network integration flexibility. The STP offers all the standard features and functionality expected of an STP solution, including Gateway Screening and Global Title Translation, while also offering extended capabilities and features such as Signaling Gateway and Point Code Emulation.

The iSMS product consists of a Short Message Service Center (SMSC) and a Short Message Gateway (SMGW), which connect to 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, IMS, and the systems of carriers and service providers respectively, delivering SMS-related services.

The SMSC primarily implements SMS reception, storage, forwarding, and status reporting functionalities, while the SMGW is responsible for enabling interconnection between the SMS system and local carriers/service providers (SPs).

SMSC (Short Message Service Center) is the core platform in mobile communication networks responsible for the storage, forwarding, and routing of SMS messages. It ensures the reliable transmission of messages within the network and supports point-to-point messaging, broadcast messages, and application-to-person (A2P) communication. With high concurrency processing capabilities, strong protocol compatibility (supporting SMPP, SS7, etc.), and flexible routing strategies, SMSC is widely applicable to operators, MVNOs, and enterprise messaging platforms. Its visualized management interface and real-time monitoring features enable customers to efficiently manage SMS services with ease, security, and stability.

The USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data) network element is a critical component in mobile communication networks, enabling fast, interactive communication between users and operator systems. It transmits data over GSM networks in a session-based format, typically using commands like *123#, allowing users to access services without an internet connection.

As the core of the USSD platform, the USSD network element is responsible for parsing, routing, and processing USSD requests. It is commonly used in scenarios such as balance inquiries, plan subscriptions, mobile payments, and banking services. Compared to SMS, USSD offers faster response times, real-time interaction, and requires no message storage, making it ideal for high-interactivity services.