The SMSC is a service processing system independent of the wireless network. Its main functions are to store, submit, and forward short messages submitted by users. The SMSC implements NAS short message functionality through the Short Message Service Function (SMSF) and SIP short message functionality through the IP Short Message Gateway (IP_SM_GW). The Short Message Service Center and SMSF/IP_SM_GW communicate via the Diameter protocol's SGd interface, receiving short messages sent by mobile users or sending short messages to mobile users.
GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) is a set of IP-based communication protocols used to carry GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) in GSM, UMTS and LTE networks. It enables an endpoint on a GSM or UMTS network to move its position within the network, while being continuously connected to the Internet via the same GGSN. In order to achieve this, the GTP protocol always transmits user-plane data from the SGSN to which the user's location belongs to the GGSN on which it is based.
The GPRS core network uses these three GTP protocols:
▫ GTP-U is used to provide one or more tunnels for each PDP context to transmit user data
▫ GTP-C is used for control purposes
▫ GTP is used to transfer billing data from each GGSN to the Charging Gateway Function (CGF)
A Diameter Routing Agent (DRA) is a functional element in a 3G or 4G (such as LTE) network which provides real-time routing capabilities to ensure that messages are routed among the correct elements in a network. The DRA was introduced by the 3GPP to address the increased Diameter signaling traffic and growing complexity of 4G LTE networks.
Networks with complex architectures and multiple Diameter nodes require an advanced Diameter contextual routing engine. Choosing a DRA that' s capable of advanced contextual routing is essential to managing network complexity and capitalizing on all that 4G LTE has to offer.
A Signal Transfer Point(STP) is used in an SS7 or CC7 network. The STPs transfer SS7 messages between interconnected nodes (signaling endpoints) based on information contained in the SS7 address fields. Typical SEPs include service switching points (SSPs) and service control points (SCPs). The STP is connected to adjacent SEPs and STPs via signaling links.
STP supports any-to-any signaling connectivity between SS7 via IP SIGTRAN interfaces for maximum network integration flexibility. The STP offers all the standard features and functionality expected of an STP solution, including Gateway Screening and Global Title Translation, while also offering extended capabilities and features such as Signaling Gateway and Point Code Emulation.
USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data) is a simple and scalable new service in mobile networks. It is a text-based protocol where users input specific strings (e.g., (#)AAABBB#) on their phone, which are sent to the network. After processing, the network returns the result in real-time without needing a data connection. USSD leverages the existing GSM network, enabling operators to create services tailored to local user needs.
GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) is a set of IP-based communication protocols used to carry GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) in GSM, UMTS and LTE networks. It enables an endpoint on a GSM or UMTS network to move its position within the network, while being continuously connected to the Internet via the same GGSN. In order to achieve this, the GTP protocol always transmits user-plane data from the SGSN to which the user's location belongs to the GGSN on which it is based.
The GPRS core network uses these three GTP protocols:
▫ GTP-U is used to provide one or more tunnels for each PDP context to transmit user data
▫ GTP-C is used for control purposes
▫ GTP is used to transfer billing data from each GGSN to the Charging Gateway Function (CGF)
A Diameter Routing Agent (DRA) is a functional element in a 3G or 4G (such as LTE) network which provides real-time routing capabilities to ensure that messages are routed among the correct elements in a network. The DRA was introduced by the 3GPP to address the increased Diameter signaling traffic and growing complexity of 4G LTE networks.
Networks with complex architectures and multiple Diameter nodes require an advanced Diameter contextual routing engine. Choosing a DRA that' s capable of advanced contextual routing is essential to managing network complexity and capitalizing on all that 4G LTE has to offer.
A Signal Transfer Point(STP) is used in an SS7 or CC7 network. The STPs transfer SS7 messages between interconnected nodes (signaling endpoints) based on information contained in the SS7 address fields. Typical SEPs include service switching points (SSPs) and service control points (SCPs). The STP is connected to adjacent SEPs and STPs via signaling links.
STP supports any-to-any signaling connectivity between SS7 via IP SIGTRAN interfaces for maximum network integration flexibility. The STP offers all the standard features and functionality expected of an STP solution, including Gateway Screening and Global Title Translation, while also offering extended capabilities and features such as Signaling Gateway and Point Code Emulation.
USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data) is a simple and scalable new service in mobile networks. It is a text-based protocol where users input specific strings (e.g., (#)AAABBB#) on their phone, which are sent to the network. After processing, the network returns the result in real-time without needing a data connection. USSD leverages the existing GSM network, enabling operators to create services tailored to local user needs.
